One of them is that of compactification schemes, which include spacelike or null infinity
into the computational domain. For schemes compactifying spacelike infinity; see [335, 336].
Conformal compactifications are reviewed in [172, 183], and a partial list of references to date
includes [328, 176, 177, 180, 179, 170, 245, 172, 247, 100, 446, 447, 316, 87, 451, 452, 448, 449, 450
, 305, 364, 42].
Another approach is Cauchy-characteristic matching (CCM) [99, 392, 401, 143, 148, 53], which combines a Cauchy approach in the strong field regime (thereby avoiding the problems that the presence of caustics would cause on characteristic evolutions) with a characteristic one in the wave zone. Data from the Cauchy evolution is used as inner boundary conditions for the characteristic one and, viceversa, the latter provides outer boundary conditions for the Cauchy IBVP. An understanding of the Cauchy IBVP is still a requisite. CCM is reviewed in [432]. A related idea is Cauchy-perturbative matching [455, 356, 4, 370], where the Cauchy code is instead coupled to one solving gauge-invariant perturbations of Schwarzschild black holes or flat spacetime. The multipole decomposition in the Regge–Wheeler–Zerilli equations [347, 453, 376, 294, 307] implies that the resulting equations are 1+1 dimensional and can therefore extend the region of integration to very large distances from the source. As in CCM, an understanding of the IBVP for the Cauchy sector is still a requisite.
One way of dealing with the ambiguity of extracting gravitational waves from Cauchy evolutions at
finite radii is by extrapolating procedures; see, for example, [72, 331] for some approaches
and quantification of their accuracies. Another approach is Cauchy characteristic extraction
(CCE) [350
, 37, 349, 32, 34, 54]. In CCE a Cauchy IBVP is solved, and the numerical data on a world
tube is used to provide inner boundary conditions for a characteristic evolution that “transports” the
data to null infinity. The difference with CCM is that in CCE there is no “feedback” from the
characteristic evolution to the Cauchy one, and the extraction is done as a post-processing
step.
http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2012-9 |
Living Rev. Relativity 15, (2012), 9
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